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Some prenatal gender tests that apply mama ’s blood are very accurate at determining infant ’s sex , a newfangled study finds . But curious parent - to - be should be wary of online marketer that take to be able to see out foetal gender using just a woman ’s urine .
raw research to be print Aug. 10 in the Journal of the American Medical Association finds that after seven hebdomad into a pregnancy , tests that analyze mom ’s blood for foetal DNA can right identifya male fetus95.4 percentage of the prison term and a female fetus 98.6 per centum of the time on average . In equivalence , tests that analyze DNA from urine instead of ancestry were only accurate 41 percent of the time , said survey researcher Diana Bianchi , a generative geneticist at Tufts University School of Medicine .
" It was worse than flipping a coin , " Bianchi told LiveScience .
Why baby ’s sex affair
ultrasonography imaging can sometimes reveal the sexual urge of a baby as former as 11 weeks into maternity , though the results are awry as much as 40 percent of the metre . Most pregnant women in the United States get an ultrasound between 18 and 22 workweek of maternity that looks for foetal anomalousness . At that point , the foetus ' sex activity can be determined with in high spirits truth . [ 5 Myths About Women ’s Bodies ]
Some masses do n’t like to wait that long . Chelsea Gladden , who blogs atbreezymama.com , tell LiveScience that she and her " egotistic ankles " demand the excitement of finding out her baby ’s sex about midway through the gestation , but read she would have find out in the beginning if she could have .
" I was definitely eat with finding out , " Gladden said .
But oddity is n’t the only reason for earlier grammatical gender examination . sure genetic upset are linked to the X chromosome , so they irresistibly affect males , whose XY sexuality chromosome mean they lack the " backup " decade that women have . menage at risk of infection for these disorders can now choose to have amniocentesis , in which the fluid that cushions the foetus in the uterus is pull up and screen , or a procedure called chorionic villus sample , both of which persuade a modest risk of miscarriage .
A non - invading blood examination would cut down on such examination by 50 pct because moms take female babies would n’t require to worry , said Bianchi . Bianchi is on the advisory board and holds descent options in the ergonomics company Verinata Health , Inc. , which has the destination of developing non - encroaching foetal abnormality tests .
Another upset , innate adrenal hyperplasia , or CAH , disrupt endocrine balance , result in a female fetus taking on masculine traits . Moms channel fetus with CAH take steroids during their pregnancies , which can have unpleasant side effects . If fetal sex were known earlier , Bianchi say , the mamma bear male fetuses with CAH would be able to skip over the steroid .
Chromosome - ground diagnoses of gender are also important to parents whose child are hold with ambiguous genitals . If an ultrasonography reveals genitalia that could be male or female , Bianchi aver , screw the sister is XX or XY can give parents a road mathematical function for what sex to promote the baby . [ The Truth About Genderless Babies ]
It ’s a boy ! ( or girl )
Blood trial for fetal sexuality are n’t useable clinically in the United States , Bianchi enounce , though they are used in Europe for diagnosis in high - peril pregnancies . A telephone number of company do sell line of descent andurine tests of foetal sexto parent online for several hundred dollar .
Bianchi and her colleagues combed through the scientific literature to observe studies on those blood and urine tests that use fetal desoxyribonucleic acid from mom ’s rip to identify gender . Only males have Y chromosome , so if Y chromosomes are determine in mom ’s roue , she ’s likely carrying a baby boy . If no Y chromosomes are found , she ’s in all probability expecting a daughter .
After eject bailiwick that miss data or were too diminished , Bianchi and her team came up with 57 field of study of prenatal sexuality examination to analyse . They found that urine psychometric test were super unreliable , possibly because by the time fetal DNA is filtered from the blood into the urine , it ’s been broken down .
Blood tests , on the other hand , revealed fetal DNA quite early . Before seven weeks , blood trial run aright identified male fetuses only 74.5 percent of the time . After seven weeks , however , truth lead up . test comport between seven and 20 weeks of pregnancyaccurately identify sister boysabout 95 percent of the time and infant girls about 99 percent of the prison term . After 20 weeks , these test were highly precise , pegging boys as boys 99 percentage of the time and girls as girls 99.6 percent of the clip .
parent of at - risk gestation should talk with their doctors , Bianchi said , because rakehell mental testing could help prevent more invading procedures down the road . Bianchi said she transmit samples to the U.K. when she really needs a mental test done .
But for ma and dads who just want to know what color to paint the glasshouse , Bianchi recommends patience .
" Currently , they would have to go to the Internet , and I would say that they should be mistrustful , " she say . " There is not a whole circle of transparence in those methods or the actual performance results . "
The field of study was funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute .
